Difference Between Functional And OOP approach

By -
Difference Between Functional & OOP approach

       Conventional Programming, Using high Level Languages such as COBOL, FORTRAN and C, is commonly Known as procedure-oriented programming(POP) , In the procedure-oriented approach, the problem is viewed as  a sequence of things to be done such as reading calculating and printing. A number of functions are written to accomplish these tasks. The primary focus is on functions. A typical Program structure for procedural programming is shown in Fig, 1, The technique of hierarchical decomposition has been used to specify the tasks to be completed for solving a problem. 

Fig. : Typical structure of procedure-oriented programs


Procedure-Oriented programming basically consists of writing a list of instruction for the computer to follow, and organizing these instructions into groups known as functions. We normally use of flowchart to organize these actions and represent the flow of control from one action to another. While we concentrate on the development of functions, very little attention is given to the data that are being used by various functions. What happens to the data? how are they affected By the functions that work on them?

In a multi-function program. many important data items are placed as gloal so that they may be accessed by all the functions. Each function may have its own local data. Figure 2 shows the relationship of data and function in a procedure- oriented program.

Fig.2: Relationship Of data and function in procedural programming

  • Emphasis is on doing things.
  • large programs are divided into smaller programs known as functions.
  • Most of the functions share global data.
  • Data move openly around the system from function to function.
  • Functions transform data form one form to another.
  • Employs Top-down approach in program design.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Reusability In OOP

By -
Image
  In OOP, The concept of inheritance provide the idea of reusability. This means that we can add additional features to an existing class without modifying it. This is possible by deriving a new class from the existing one. The new class will have the combined features of both the classes. The real appeal and power of the inheritance mechanism is that it allows the programmer to reuse a class that is almost, but not exactly, what he wants, and to tailor the class in such a way that it does not introduce any undesirable side effects into the rest of the classes.  Fig.5 : Property inheritance Note that each sub class defines only those features that are unique to it. Without the use of classification, each class would have to explicitly include all of its features.
Read more

Encapsulation and Data Abstraction In OOP

By -
Image
Encapsulation is a mechanism that associates the code and the data it manipulates and keeps them safe from external interference and misuse. Creating new data types using encapsulated-Items that are well suited to an application to be programmed is known as data abstraction. The data types created by the data abstraction process are known as Abstraction process are known as Abstract Data Types. Data abstraction is a powerful technique, and its proper usage will result optimal, more readable, and flexible programs. Fig. An Abstract Data type The use of encapsulation in protecting the members of a class from unauthorized access is a good programming practice; it enforces the separation between the specification and implementation of abstract data types, and it enables the debugging of programs easily.
Read more

Polymorphism ,operator overloading,function overloading,dynamic binding

By -
In the real world, the meaning of an operation varies with context and the same operation may behave differently, in different situation. The move operation, for example, behaves differently on the class person, and on the class polygon on the screen. A specific implementation of an operation by a certain class is called a method. A object oriented operation, being polymorphic, may have more than one method of implementing it. The word polymorphism is derived form the Greek meaning many forms. It allows a single name to be used for more than one related purpose, which are technically different. The following are the different ways of achieving polymorphism in a C++ program. Function Name Overloading  Operator overloading  Dynamic Binding Polymorphism permits the programmer to generate high level reusable component that can be tailored to fit different applications, by changing their low level parts,. Dynamic Binding  binding refers to the tie-up of a procedure call to
Read more