1. Introduction To Object Oriented Concepts

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Evolution of OOP

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in an approach to program organisation and development That attempts to eliminate some of the Pitfalls of conventional programming methods by  incorporating the best of structured programming features with several powerful new concepts it is a new way of organizing a developing programs and has nothing to do with any particular language. However not all languages are suitable to implement the OOP concepts easily. 



OOP Paradigm

 Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the cocept of "Objects", which are data structures that contain data, in the form of fields, often known as attriibutes, and code in the form of procedures, often known as methods. A distingushing feature of objects is that an object's procedures can access and often modify the data fields of the data fields of the object whith which they are associated. In Object-Oriented Programming,computer programs are designed by making them out of objects that intreact with one another, There is significant diversity in object-classes, which typically also determines their type,
    
 Most of  The Widely used programming languages are multi-paradigm programming languages that support object-oriented programming to a greater or lesser degree, typically in combination with imperative, procedural programming.  Significant object-oriented languages include C++ , Objective-C, Smalltalk, Delphi, Java, C#, Perl, Python, Ruby and PHP.


Advantages of OOP


  OOP offers several benefits to both the program designer and the user. Object-Orientation Contributes to the solution of many problems associated with the development and quality of software products. The new technology promises greater program productivity, better quality of software and lesser maintenance cost. The Principal advantages are: 
  • Through inheritance, we can eliminate redundant code and extend the use of  redundant code and extend the use of existing classes. 
  • We can build programs form the standard working modules that communicate with one another, rather than having to start writing  the code form scratch. This leads to saving of development time and higher productivity. 
  • The principle of data hiding helps the programmer to build secure programs that cannot be invaded by code in other parts of the program,
  • It Is possible to have multiple instances of an object to co-exist without any interference.
  • It is possible to map objects in the problem domain to those in the program.
  • It is easy to partition The work in a project based on objects.
  • The data-Centered design approach enables us to capture more details of a model in implantable form.
  • Object-Oriented Systems can be easily upgraded from small to large systems. 
  • Message Passing techniques for communication between objects makes the interface descriptions with external systems much simpler.

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